Objective To explore the effect of cognitive intervention in patients with liver injury caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs. Methods A total of 87 patients with drug-induced liver injury caused by anti-tuberculosis treatment from April 2020 to April 2021 were selected as the research objects, they were divided into the control group (43 cases)and the observation group(44 cases)according to random number table method.The patients in the control group received routine nursing, and patients in the observation group received cognitive intervention.The anxiety, depression and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) related knowledge were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention.After 6 months of nursing, the negative rate of sputum smear and the absorption of lung lesions were compared in the two groups. Results There were no significant differences in the scores of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) between the groups before the intervention (P＞0.05).After the intervention, the SAS and SDS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in the DILI-related knowledge awareness scores between the two groups (P＞0.05).After the intervention, the DILI-related knowledge awareness scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).After continuous intervention for 6 months, the absorption efficiency of X-ray lung lesions in the observation group(88.37%) was higher than that in the control group (72.09%), and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the sputum smear negative rate between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion Cognitive intervention in patients with liver injury caused by antituberculosis drugs can improve short-term clinical efficacy, negative emotion and knowledge of antituberculosis drug therapy.