Objective To analyze the correlation between peak load of Epstein-Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid (EBVDNA) and liver function in children with infectious mononucleosis induced by Epstein-Barr virus (EB virus). Methods A total of 60 children with EB virus-induced infectious mononucleosis who were admitted to Jiangxi Children's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the observation group. Meanwhile, 60 children with common fever or respiratory tract infection were selected as the control group. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), EBV-DNA, CD3+and liver function indexes were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of infectious mononucleosis caused by EB virus. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between EBV-DNA, IL-6, CD3+ and liver function. Results The levels of IL-6, EBV-DNA, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total cholesterol (TC) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and CD3+ was lower than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of logistic regression model showed that the increase of IL-6 (OR=1.063, 95%CI=2.899-1.673) and EBV-DNA (OR=1.079, 95%CI=2.983-1.257) was the risk factors of infectious mononucleosis caused by EB virus, and CD3+ (OR=0.512, 95%CI=0.036-0.646) was the protective factor of infectious mononucleosis caused by EB virus (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that EBV-DNA and IL-6 were positively correlated with ALT, AST and TC (r＞0, P<0.05), and CD3+was negatively correlated with ALT, AST and TC (r<0, P<0.05). Conclusion CD3+, IL-6 and EBV-DNA are independent influencing factors of infectious mononucleosis caused by EB virus, and are closely related to liver function.