Objective To explore the application effect of phased continuous nursing in self-care ability of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients. Methods Fifty-six hemodialysis patients from Yingtan People's Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the research objects, and they were divided into observation group and control group by computer random allocation method, with 28 cases in each group. Patients in the observation group adopted staged continuous nursing care model, while patients in the control group adopted conventional nursing care.The knowledge of self-care of internal fistula, total nursing satisfaction, and self-care ability scores of the two groups were compared. Results The knowledge of self-care of internal fistula in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The total nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of health knowledge level, self-concept, self-care responsibility, self-care skills in the observation group were higher than those in the control group 3 months after discharge, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Phased continuous nursing for hemodialysis patients can significantly improve the self-care ability of arteriovenous fistula and improve the relationship between nurse and patient, which is worthy of research and promotion.