脊柱椎体间植入物材料优化的研究进展

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摘要

在脊柱手术中应用椎体间植入物，可促使脊柱椎体之间的融合。近年来，伴随着脊柱融合手术例数的增加，大量研究致力于优化椎体间植入物材料的力学和生物学特性，以促进骨融合。最早使用的椎体间植入物是由自体皮质骨制成的。目前，钛合金和聚醚醚酮（PEEK）是两种应用和研究最为广泛和常见的材料。虽然钛的弹性模量远高于天然骨，但其骨整合性能却优于PEEK。 PEEK 的弹性模量接近于骨的弹性模量，但却没有钛所具有的一些优良的生物学特性。增加钛植入物的孔隙率和表面粗糙度，可以改善钛植入物的机械性能，而PEEK 的生物性能可通过使用钛或羟基磷灰石的表面涂层技术得到增强。使用添加剂制造技术和某些具有抗菌活性的金属，可从另外的角度对材料特性进行改良，从而进一步提高植入物的性能。本文关注钛合金和PEEK 等植入物材料改性和表面处理技术的最新研究进展并作一综述，旨在为提高脊柱手术的融合率提供参考。

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关键词 ：植入物, 钛, 聚醚醚酮, 多孔性, 涂层

Abstract：

The application of interbody implants in spinal surgery can promote the fusion between vertebral bodies of spine. In recent years, with the increase of the number of spinal fusion operations, a large number of studies have been devoted to optimizing the mechanical and biological characteristics of interbody implants to promote bone fusion. The earliest used interbody implant was made of autologous cortical bone. At present, titanium alloy and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) are the two most widely used and common materials in application and research. Although the elastic modulus of titanium is much higher than that of natural bone, its bone integration performance is better than PEEK.The elastic modulus of PEEK is close to that of bone, but it does not have some excellent biological properties of titanium. Increasing the porosity and surface roughness of titanium implants can improve the mechanical properties of titanium implants, while the biological properties of PEEK can be enhanced by surface coating technology using titanium or hydroxyapatite. Using additive manufacturing technology and some metals with antibacterial activity can improve the material properties from another point of view, so as to further improve the performance of implants. This review focuses on the recent research progress of titanium alloy and PEEK implant material modification and surface treatment technology, aiming to provide reference for improving the fusion rate of spine surgery.

Key words： Implants Titanium Polyether ether ketone Porosity Coating

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目（81971049）；
陕西省卫生和计划生育委员会卫生科研项目（2014D74）；
陕西省科学技术厅社会发展科技攻关项目（2016SF-337）

引用本文:

许宸溪；曹泽敏；刘裕哲；贾晓俤. 脊柱椎体间植入物材料优化的研究进展[J]. 中国当代医药, 2022, 29(12): 26-29转38.
XU Chenxi1 CAO Zeming2 LIU Yuzhe3 JIA Xiaodi4▲. Research progress on material optimization of spinal interbody implant. 中国当代医药, 2022, 29(12): 26-29转38.

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https://www.dangdaiyiyao.com/CN/ 或 https://www.dangdaiyiyao.com/CN/Y2022/V29/I12/26

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