细胞焦亡的分子机制及研究进展

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摘要

细胞焦亡是一种由炎症小体驱动的程序性非典型细胞死亡模式，由Caspase-1/-11/-4/5 介导。Gasdermin 家族蛋白是近年发现的致孔效应蛋白家族，该家族蛋白通常处于自抑制状态，被称为是细胞焦亡的“刽子手”，其中最为重要的焦亡执行蛋白是Gasdermin D 和Gasdermin E。发生细胞焦亡时，激活的Caspases 将GSDMD/GSDME切割为N 端孔洞形成片段和C 端抑制片段，造成膜穿孔，释放炎症因子等细胞内容物引发细胞焦亡。随着细胞焦亡的深入研究，发现其在多种疾病尤其是肿瘤发生发展中扮演着重要的角色。本文总结了细胞焦亡的分子机制及其在癌症中的研究进展。

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关键词 ：细胞焦亡, 细胞程序性死亡, 炎症小体, 肿瘤, GSDMD

Abstract：

Pyroptosis is a pattern of atypical cell death driven by inflammasome, mediated by Caspase-1/-11/-4/5.Gasdermin family proteins are identified as pore-forming proteins acting as the "executor" of pyroptosis, which usually remain in self-suppressed state. Gasdermin D and Gasdermin E are the most key palyers in pyroptosis. In the pathway of pyroptosis, GSDMD/GSDME is cleaved into N-terminal pore-forming fragments and C-terminal inhibitory fragments by activated Caspases, membrane perforation is initiated in turn, and cell contents such as inflammatory factors are released to trigger pyroptosis. Emerging evidences support that pyroptosis plays an important role in the development of various diseases, especially in tumors. This article summarizes the underlying molecular mechanism of pyroptosis and reviews the research progress in cancer.

Key words： Pyroptosis Programmed cell death Inflammasome Tumor GSDMD

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81760507）；
云南大学研究生科研创新基金项目（2019200）；
云南大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目（201904079）

作者简介: 林文（1996-），女，河南洛阳人，云南大学生命科学学院2018 级生物化学与分子生物学专业在读硕士研究生，主要研究方向：细胞焦亡的分子机制

引用本文:

林文；曹珈琪；张燕；丁磊；崔清华. 细胞焦亡的分子机制及研究进展[J]. 中国当代医药, 2020, 27(27): 25-29.
LIN Wen1,2 CAO Jia-qi1,2 ZHANG Yan1,2 DING Lei1,2 CUI Qing-hua1,2▲. Molecular mechanism and research progress of cell pyrolysis. 中国当代医药, 2020, 27(27): 25-29.

链接本文:

https://www.dangdaiyiyao.com/CN/ 或 https://www.dangdaiyiyao.com/CN/Y2020/V27/I27/25

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