同型半胱氨酸及MTHFR C677T基因多态性和晨峰血压的关系
李 荣1,2 王 芳2 廉哲勋1▲
1.青岛大学附属医院心内科,山东青岛 266003;2.青岛市第三人民医院心内科,山东青岛 266041
[摘要]目的 探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平、亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T基因多态性与晨峰血压之间的关系。方法 选取我院2015年11月~2016年12月诊治的原发性高血压患者122例,依据24 h动态血压检测结果,将清晨收缩压和夜间睡眠时收缩压的差值<35 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 ka),无晨峰血压现象者为对照组(n=52),有晨峰血压现象者为观察组(n=70)。所有受试者均清晨空腹抽取肘前静脉血检测,采用全自动生化分析仪检测尿微量白蛋白、血尿酸、血清肌酐以及血尿素氮水平,循环酶法测定血浆Hcy水平和PCR荧光法检测MTHFR C677T基因型,观察血浆Hcy水平和MTHFR C677T基因型分布与晨峰血压的关系。结果 观察组的Hcy水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组MTHFR C677T基因型TT频率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组TT基因型血浆Hcy水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析表明,Hcy水平是晨峰血压发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。MTHFR 677 TT基因型是晨峰血压发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 血Hcy水平和MTHFR 677TT基因型与晨峰血压密切相关,MTHFRC 677T纯和突变导致Hcy水平升高,间接参与了晨峰血压的形成。
[关键词]同型半胱氨酸;亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶;基因多态性;晨峰血压
近期大量研究表明,亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因的677C-T基因型与血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平有关,该基因突变可导致酶活性降低引起轻至中度高Hcy血症,是高血压、冠心病、脑卒中的独立危险因素[1-3]。MTHFR基因被列为缺血性脑卒中重要的遗传易感基因之一。近年来的研究表明,晨峰血压与心脑血管损害密切相关,而心脑血管事件如心肌梗死、心源性猝死、心肌缺血、室性心律失常、脑卒中好发于清晨[4-5]。因此,探讨Hcy水平升高及MTHFR基因多态性与晨峰高血压的相关性,有可能为临床治疗提供有益启示。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2015年11月~2016年12月在我院诊治的原发性高血压患者122例,其中男65例,女57例;年龄 35-75岁,平均(56.69±4.05)岁。 纳入标准:均符合高血压联盟制定的《中国高血压防治指南》的诊断标准[6]。排除标准:继发性高血压、2型糖尿病、近期应用糖皮质激素治疗、肾病综合征、肾炎等肾脏疾病。依据24 h动态血压监测结果,将清晨收缩压和夜间睡眠时收缩压的差值<35 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),无晨峰血压现象者为对照组,有晨峰血压现象者为观察组。本研究已经医院医学伦理委员会批准,所有研究对象均遵循自愿原则,签署知情同意书。两组患者的性别、年龄、饮酒、吸烟史、糖尿病、血糖水平、体重指数(BMI)、总胆固醇、LDL-C 水平、高血压病程比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表 1),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
动态血压监测和晨峰血压监测:应用美国美林ABPM-04W无创性便携式自动血压监护仪,将动态血压袖带缚于受试者左上臂;监测时间,日间06:00~22:00,间隔15 min自动充气1次,及夜间22:00~次日6:00,间隔30 min自动充气1次。根据上述监测数据计算日间、夜间收缩压和舒张压的平均值,计算24 h平均动脉压,根据睡-谷晨峰公式计算晨峰血压。
1.3 观察指标
血生化指标检测:采用德国罗氏公司生产的COBOS 8000自动生化分析仪检测尿微量白蛋白、血尿酸、血清肌酐以及血尿素氮水平。Hcy水平采用循环酶法测定,具体操作步骤严格按照产品说明书进行。检测MTHFR C677T基因型采用荧光PCR试剂盒(北京百世诺基因检测有限公司检测)。
1.4 统计学方法
数据采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计处理,计量资料用均数±标准差(±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验;计数资料用率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验;多因素分析采用多元线性回归分析,基因型与晨峰血压的关联采用多因素 Logistic分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者血压的比较
两组患者的日间、夜间收缩压、舒张压、24 h平均动脉压比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表 2)。
2.2 两组生化指标的比较
观察组的尿微量白蛋白、血清肌酐、血尿酸、尿素氮水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的血浆Hcy水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表 3)。
表1 两组患者一般资料的比较(±s)

表2 两组患者血压的比较(mmHg,±s)
表3 两组生化指标的比较(±s)

 
与对照组比较,*P<0.05
2.3 两组MTHFR C677T基因型分布及Hcy水平的比较
2.3.1 两组MTHFR C677T基因型分布及等位基因频率的比较 观察组MTHFR C677T基因型TT频率为25.7%,高于对照组的9.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表 4)。
表4 两组MTHFR C677T基因型分布及等位基因频率的比较[n(%)]

 
与对照组比较,#P<0.05
2.3.2 两组携带MTHFR C677T不同基因型的Hcy水平的比较 观察组MTHFR 677 TT基因型血浆Hcy水平为(25.11±2.83)μmol/L,高于对照组的(18.00±1.10)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表 5)。
表5 两组携带MTHFR C677T不同基因型的Hcy 水平的比较(μmol/L,±s)

 
与对照组比较,&P<0.05
2.3.3 MTHFR C677T不同基因型的Hcy水平、基因型分布与晨峰血压的Logistic回归分析 Logistic回归分析表明,在校正尿微量白蛋白、血清肌酐、血尿酸、尿素氮等危险因素后,MTHFR 677 TT基因型的Hcy水平高于CT基因型和CC基因型,Hcy水平与晨峰血压发生风险成正相关(β=0.57,OR=1.76,95%CI=1.01~5.43,P<0.05)。 MTHFR 677 TT 基因型的发生晨峰血压的风险高于CT基因型和CC基因型,TT基因型与晨峰血压发生风险成正相关(β=0.65,OR=1.92,95%CI=1.31~9.48,P<0.05)(表 6)。
表6 MTHFR C677T不同基因型的Hcy水平、基因型分布与晨峰血压的Logistic分析

 
“-”表示无数据
3 讨论
Hcy是蛋氨酸代谢的中间产物,是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素,高Hcy血症患者具有早发闭塞性动脉疾患倾向,研究显示Hcy可损伤内皮细胞,诱导平滑肌细胞增殖,促进动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂。高血压与高Hcy血症是脑卒中发生最重要的2个危险因素。
研究已证实,MTHFR基因的677C-T基因型与血浆Hcy水平有关,携带677C-T等位基因的患者血浆Hcy水平显著增高,是高血压、冠心病、脑卒中的独立危险因素[7-8]。清晨高血压与靶器官损害、心脑血管事件关系密切,可导致多种血管并发症增加,如冠心病、无症状脑梗死、心肌肥厚等,患者心脑血管事件的发生在清晨最高,而且已有越来越多的国内外研究证实清晨高血压与心脑血管事件的发生密切相关[9-13]
研究表明,高血压和血浆Hcy升高在导致心脑血管事件上具有协同作用,Hcy升高合并高血压者的心脑血管疾病风险升高了11倍,是正常人的25~30倍[14-15]。Hcy水平升高可能的病理、生理机制包括通过抑制eNOS活性内皮细胞功能障碍、促进诱导平滑肌血管细胞增殖、增强血小板黏附聚集聚集并促进血栓形成[16-17]。高Hcy血症及低叶酸可通过Hcy及非Hcy等多种机制导致动脉粥样硬化的发生,通过适当补充叶酸可延缓或减少动脉硬化的发生[18]
综上所述,血Hcy水平和MTHFR 677TT基因型与晨峰血压的风险度成正相关,MTHFR C677T基因多态性与血浆Hcy水平密切相关,MTHFRC677T纯和突变导致Hcy水平升高,间接参与了晨峰血压的形成,为临床诊治提供方向。
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Relationship of homocysteine and MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism with morning blood pressure surge
LI Rong1,2WANG Fang2LIAN Zhe-xun1▲
1.Department of Cardiology,Affliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Shandong Province,Qingdao 266003,China;2.Department of Cardiology,The Third People′s Hospital of Qingdao City,Shandong Province,Qingdao 266041,China
[Abstract]Objective To explore the relationship between plasma homocysteine(Hcy)and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)gene polymorphisms with morning blood pressure surge(MBPS).Methods A total of 122 patients with essential hypertension diagnosed and treated in our hospital from November 2015 to December 2016 were selected.According to 24 ambulatory blood pressuremonitoring(ABPM)results,the difference between morning systolic blood pressure and night sleep systolic blood pressure was less than 35 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 ka),the control group (n=52)had no MBPS phenomenon,and the observation group(n=70)had MBPS phenomenon.All subjects were tested with blood from the anterior elbow vein on an empty stomach in the morning,and the level of urinary microalbumin,serum uric acid,serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer.The level of plasma Hcy was detected by circulating enzyme method and MTHFR C677T genotype was detected by PCR fluorescence method.The relationship between the level of plasma Hcy and the distribution of MTHFR C677T genotype with morning peak blood pressure was observed.Results The Hcy level of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The TT frequency of MTHFR C677T genotype in observation group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The plasma Hcy level of TT genotype in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that Hcy level was a risk factor for the occurrence of MBPS(P<0.05).The genotype of MTHFR 677 TT was a risk factor for the occurrence of MBPS(P<0.05).Conclusion Hcy level and MTHFR 677TT genotype were closely related to MBPS,and the pure and mutation of MTHFRC 677T results in the increase of Hcy level,which indirectly participates in the formation of MBPS.
[Key words]Homocysteine;Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase;Gene polymorphism;Morning blood pressure surge
[中图分类号]R544.1
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1674-4721(2019)1(c)-0012-04
[作者简介]李荣(1985-),女,江苏连云港人,硕士,主治医师,主要研究方向:心血管冠状动脉介入治疗
通讯作者廉哲勋(1979-),男,吉林延吉人,医学博士,主任医师,主要研究方向:心血管冠状动脉介入治疗
收稿日期:2017-08-18
本文编辑:许俊琴