N-乙酰基-丝氨酰-天门冬酰-赖氨酰-脯氨酸对大鼠肝纤维化模型跨膜信号转导的影响
张 蕾1刘洪福2吴雄健1
1.赣南医学院第一附属医院消化内科,江西赣州 341000;2.赣南医学院第一附属医院胃肠外科,江西赣州 341000
[摘要]目的观察N-乙酰基-丝氨酰-天门冬酰-赖氨酰-脯氨酸(AcSDKP)对胆总管结扎(BDL)所致大鼠肝纤维化的作用,探讨该作用与TGF-β1-Smad2/3及BMP-7-Smad1/5/8信号通路的关系。方法选取30只SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组、模型组、治疗组(AcSDKP),构建胆总管结扎肝纤维化模型,治疗组在造模的同时植入皮下微泵,给予AcSDKP治疗;第14天处死大鼠,采用ELISA酶联免疫法检测透明质酸(HA)和Ⅲ型胶原(PCⅢ)水平,采用羟脯氨酸(Hyp)测量法定量分析肝组织中总胶原蛋白的含量,采用Western印迹法检测肝组织中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、骨形成发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)、磷酸化Smad2/3、磷酸化Smad1/5/8蛋白的表达。结果与假手术组相比,模型组的血清HA、PCⅢ水平以及肝组织Hyp含量均明显升高(P<0.05)。治疗组的血清HA、PCⅢ水平以及肝组织Hyp含量均较模型组显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。模型组的肝组织内TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3表达均高于假手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组的TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3表达低于模型组,BMP-7、磷酸化Smad1/5/8表达高于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论AcSDKP具有抑制大鼠BDL肝纤维化的作用,该作用可能与抑制TGF-β1通路,并激活BMP-7通路有关。
[关键词]N-乙酰基-丝氨酰-天门冬酰-赖氨酰-脯氨酸;TGF-β1;BMP-7;肝纤维化
N-乙酰基-丝氨酰-天门冬酰-赖氨酰-脯氨酸(N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline,AcSDKP)是天然存在于体内的乙酰化四肽[1]。近年来的研究发现,AcSDKP对肝损伤修复及肝内细胞外基质沉积具有重要调控作用;体外实验证实AcSDKP参与调控肝星状细胞生物学行为[2];在动物实验中亦发现,AcSDKP具有抗肝纤维化作用[3-4]。本研究通过观察AcSDKP对大鼠胆总管结扎(BDL)肝纤维化模型的影响以及此过程中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、骨形成发生蛋白-7 (BMP-7)及其下游Smad信号蛋白表达的变化,旨在进一步了解AcSDKP的抗肝纤维化机制。
1 材料与方法
1.1 动物和试剂
清洁级同系成年雄性SD大鼠30只,体重200~250 g/只,购自赣南医学院科研中心;AcSDKP购自Bachem公司,产品批号为40163480025,纯度为99.35%;HA、PCⅢ试剂盒购自上海森雄科技有限公司;羟脯氨酸含量测定采用的试剂盒购自南京建成生物技术有限公司。
1.2 动物分组
将雄性 SD大鼠随机分为 3组,其中假手术组10只,模型组 10只,治疗组(AcSDKP)10只,无菌饲料喂养,昼夜交替照明。①假手术组:对大鼠腹部皮肤进行常规无菌操作,沿腹正中线剪开,游离胆总管不结扎,然后关腹。②模型组:无菌操作、开腹,将胆总管远端、近端结扎,关腹。③治疗组:造模方法同模型组,在造模的同时背部皮下植入微泵,并按每天800 μg/kg给予AcSDKP治疗,治疗2周,末次注射24 h后处死。从大鼠腹主动脉取血6 ml/只,分离血清后用于HA、PCⅢ测定。取肝脏左叶相同部位组织,经液氮快速冷冻并置-80℃冰箱内保存,用于Hyp、免疫印迹法测定。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 HA、PCⅢ检测 采用放射免疫分析法(RIA),操作步骤严格按照试剂盒说明书进行。
1.3.2 羟脯氨酸含量的测定 采用碱水解法检测肝组织中的羟脯氨酸含量,按羟脯氨酸测试盒说明书进行操作。羟脯氨酸含量计算公式为:羟脯氨酸(μg/mg)=[(测定管吸光值-空白管吸光值)/(标准管吸光值-空白管吸光值)]×标准管含量(μg/mg)×[水解液总体(10 ml)/组织量(mg)]。
1.3.3 TGF-β1、BMP-7、磷酸化Smad2/3、磷酸化Smad1/ 5/8的免疫印迹法检测 取大鼠肝左叶100 mg放入匀浆管剪碎,蛋白裂解液裂解、离心,吸取上清并分装-20℃保存。采用BCA法测定蛋白含量,取90 μg每孔进行电泳,并转膜,TGF-β1二抗室温中孵育1 h,利用Bio-Rad凝胶成像系统进行曝光成像;采用Bio-Rad公司的Image Lab 2.0软件对特异条带进行灰度值扫描,并进行相对定量分析。结果至少重复1次。
1.4 统计学处理
通过Excel建库,采用SPSS 12.0统计学软件对数据进行分析,各组间采用单因素方差分析进行计量资料的比较,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 各组血清HA、PCⅢ水平与肝组织Hyp含量的比较
与假手术组相比,模型组的血清HA、PCⅢ水平以及肝组织Hyp含量均明显升高(P<0.05)。治疗组的血清HA、PCⅢ水平以及肝组织Hyp含量均较模型组显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)(表1)。
2.2 各组肝组织TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3、BMP-7蛋白、磷酸化Smad1/5/8表达的比较
模型组的肝组织内TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3表达均高于假手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组的TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3表达低于模型组,BMP-7、磷酸化Smad1/5/8表达高于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。
3 讨论
AcSDKP是天然存在于哺乳动物体液中的乙酰化四肽,体内半衰期短,仅有4.5 min[5],最早是作为造血系统的一种生理性生长抑制因子而被发现[5]。近年来在心、肺、肾研究中发现,维持生理水平的AcSDKP对防治组织器官细胞外基质 (extracellular matrix,ECM)的过度沉积至关重要[6-7]。研究发现,持续注射外源性AcSDKP能有效抑制高血压模型、心脏缺血/再灌注模型、硅沉着病模型、高血压肾损害模型和糖尿病肾损害模型的靶器官纤维化[7-12]
表1 各组大鼠血清HA、PCⅢ水平和肝组织Hyp含量的比较(

 
与假手术组比较,*P<0.05;与模型组比较,#P<0.01
表2 各组大鼠肝组织TGF-β1、BMP-7、磷酸化Smad2/3和磷酸化Smad1/5/8表达的比较(

 
与假手术组比较,*P<0.05;与模型组比较,#P<0.05
研究还显示,AcSDKP抗纤维化作用与抑制肥大细胞、巨噬细胞等炎性细胞浸润[13],抑制产纤维细胞增殖和胶原合成有关[14]。更为重要的是,AcSDKP能抑制TGF-β1的产纤维化效应[15-17]。肝纤维化与心、肾纤维化的发生机制存在共性,AcSDKP的上述生理作用对包括肝脏在内的众多器官纤维化的防治均极为重要。刘博伟等[2]的研究发现,AcSDKP在体外可以抑制肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cell,HSC)合成和分泌细胞外基质,同时能抑制TGF-β1介导的促活化肝星状细胞合成和分泌细胞外基质作用,提示AcSDKP可能通过抑制肝星状细胞功能在抑制肝脏细胞外基质过度沉积中起重要作用。
本研究进一步探讨了AcSDKP在防治实验性肝纤维化中的作用和机制。肝纤维化时肝内主要增加的成分是胶原纤维,Hyp在胶原蛋白中占13.4%,在其他蛋白中含量极少;PCⅢ型是Ⅲ型前胶原分泌到细胞外后被蛋白酶切下的N端肽;HA反映ECM沉积;三者水平与组织学改变密切相关,能够反映肝纤维化发生、发展的动态过程[18-19]。实验开始即给予持续性外源性泵入AcSDKP,结果显示,假手术组、模型组、治疗组三者的血清学HA、PCⅢ水平、肝组织Hyp均有显著差异(P<0.01),治疗组上述三者水平较模型组显著减少,提示AcSDKP对于实验性肝纤维化具有一定的防治作用。
TGF-β1是介导肝损伤及纤维化的最关键的细胞因子,TGF-β1通过TGF-β1/Smad信号传导通路调节ECM基因的表达,促进其过量形成并沉积于肝细胞,导致肝纤维化的发生[20]。最新的研究显示,BMP-7抑制纤维化的细胞因子,具有拮抗TGF-β1的促纤维化作用[21];磷酸化Smad2/3、磷酸化Smad1/5/8信号分别是TGF-β1、BMP-7跨膜信号转导的主要信号分子。本实验通过Western印迹法检测发现,在假手术组中,TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3的表达水平较低,而在肝纤维化模型组中,表达明显升高;持续给予外源性AcSDKP注射,TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3的表达水平较模型组减少,BMP-7和磷酸化Smad1/5/8表达水平显著增加(P<0.05),两者成负相关,这与目前研究认为的BMP-7与TGF-β1可能是通过信号途径相互影响相符;但两信号通路中还包含其他受体及相关因子,有待进一步深入研究以更加全面地了解AcSDKP抗肝纤维化的作用机制。
本研究通过观察AcSDKP对BDL大鼠实验性肝纤维化的影响,发现AcSDKP具有一定的预防和治疗肝纤维化的作用,其机制可能与激活BMP-7信号并抑制TGF-β1信号通路有关。细胞学研究已经发现AcSDKP能抑制HSC活化及活化HSC增殖和分泌ECM,结合本实验结果,有理由认为AcSDKP有可能被开发成为临床防治肝纤维化的药物。
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Influence of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline on transmembrane signal transduction of rat liver fibrosis model
ZHANG Lei1LIU Hong-fu2WU Xiong-jian1
1.Department of Gastroenterology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College,Ganzhou 341000,China; 2.Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College,Ganzhou 341000, China
[Abstract]ObjectiveTo observe the effect of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline(AcSDKP)on rat liver fibrosis due to bile duct ligation (BDL),and to explore the relationship between this effect and TGF-β1-Smad2/3 and BMP-7-Smad1/5/8 signal channels.Methods30 SD rats were selected and randomly divided into the sham operation group,the model group and the treatment group(AcSDKP),BDL liver fibrosis model was built.when making model of the treatment group,subcutaneous micropump was implanted to provide AcSDKP treatment.On the 14thday,the rats were killed,then ELISA Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were adopted to detect the hyaluronic acid(HA)and CollagenⅢ(PCⅢ) level,hydroxyproline(Hyp)measurement method was adopted to analyze the content of total collagen in hepatic tissue in a quantitative manner.Western blotting was adopted to detect the expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7),phosphorylation Smad2/3 and phosphorylation Smad1/5/8 protein in hepatic tissue.ResultsCompared with the sham operation group,the serum levels of HA,PCⅢ,and content of Hyp in hepatic tissue in the model group were increased(P<0.05).The serum levels of HA,PCⅢ,and content of Hyp in hepatic tissue in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the model group,with significant difference(P<0.01).The expression of TGF-β1,phosphorylation Smad2/3 in the model group was higher than that in the sham operation group,with significant difference(P<0.05).The expression of TGF-β1,phosphorylation Smad2/3 in the treatment group was lower than that in the model group,the expression of BMP-7 phosphorylation Smad1/5/8 in the treatment group was higher than that in the model group,with significant difference(P<0.05).ConclusionAcSDKP has the effect of inhibiting BDL liver fibrosis in rats,which may be related to the inhibition of TGF-beta 1 pathway and activation of BMP-7 pathway.
[Key words]N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline; Transforming growth factor-beta 1;Bone morphogenetic protein-7;Liver fibrosis
[中图分类号]R-332
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1674-4721(2016)12(b)-0004-04
(收稿日期:2016-10-16 本文编辑:祁海文)
[基金项目]江西省卫生计生委科技计划项目(20165342);江西省赣州市指导性科技计划项目(GZ2014ZSF081)